Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The radiosensitizing effects of a STAT3/HDAC dual-target inhibitor derived from isoalantolactone in solid tumor models

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15816-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: mhl-28 combined with IR exacerbates DNA damage and micronuclei formation in tumor cells. A , B Representative immunofluorescence images of γ-H2AX foci in A549 ( A ) and B16 ( B ) cells treated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 for 0.5 h, followed by exposure to 4 Gy of X-rays. C , D Represen tative images of micronucleus formation in A549 ( C ) and B16 ( D ) cells treated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 for 24 h, followed by exposure to 0, 1, or 2 Gy of X-rays and assessed 24 h later. (E, F) Quantification of micronucleus frequency in A549 ( C ) and B16 ( D ) cells. G Protein expression levels of DNA-PKcs, Ku70, Rad51 and γ-H2AX were assessed in A549 and B16 cells following treatment with 0.5 µM of mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, after which the cells were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. The vehicle control group was treated with 0.1% DMSO. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3). Statistical significance: Asterisks above bars (*, **, ***, ****) indicate comparisons with the irradiation-only control group at the same dose. Asterisks above horizontal lines (*, **, ***, ****) indicate pairwise comparisons within the bracketed groups. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For cell irradiation, an X-Rad 320 biological irradiator (Precision X-Ray, Greenville, South Carolina, USA) was used at a dose rate of 300 cGy/min.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Control, Irradiation

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The radiosensitizing effects of a STAT3/HDAC dual-target inhibitor derived from isoalantolactone in solid tumor models

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15816-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: mhl-28 combined with IR inhibits migration in tumor cells. A , B Transwell migration assay of A549 ( A ) and B16 ( B ) cells following mhl-28 or SAHA treatment combined with irradiation. Cells were pretreated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h before exposure to X-ray radiation (4 Gy). Representative images show migrated cells on the lower membrane surface after 24 h post-irradiation (Crystal violet staining; scale bar: 100 μm). C , D Quantification of migration cells in A549 ( C ) and B16 ( D ) cells. E Protein expression levels of E-cad and N-cad were assessed in A549 and B16 cells following treatment with 0.5 µM of mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, after which the cells were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. F , G Quantitative ratio of N-cadherin to E-cadherin (N-cad/E-cad) protein expression in A549 ( F ) and B16 ( G ) cells. The vehicle control group was treated with 0.1% DMSO. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3). Statistical significance: Asterisks above bars (*, **, ***, ****) indicate comparisons with the irradiation-only control group at the same dose. Asterisks above horizontal lines (*, **, ***, ****) indicate pairwise comparisons within the bracketed groups. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For cell irradiation, an X-Rad 320 biological irradiator (Precision X-Ray, Greenville, South Carolina, USA) was used at a dose rate of 300 cGy/min.

Techniques: Migration, Transwell Migration Assay, Irradiation, Membrane, Staining, Expressing, Control

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The radiosensitizing effects of a STAT3/HDAC dual-target inhibitor derived from isoalantolactone in solid tumor models

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15816-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: mhl-28 combined with IR promotes apoptosis in tumor cells. A - D Representative flow cytometry images and quantified apoptosis rates of A549 cells ( A & C ) and B16 cells ( B & D ) treated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, followed by exposure to 0, 4, or 8 Gy of X-rays, assessed 24 h later. E - H Representative images and quantified apoptosis rates of A549 cells ( E & F ) and B16 cells ( G & H ) stained with Hoechst 33,342 after treatment with 0.5 µM mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h and exposure to 0, 4, or 8 Gy of X-rays, assessed 24 h later. I Protein expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed in A549 and B16 cells following treatment with 0.5 µM of mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, after which the cells were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. The vehicle control group was treated with 0.1% DMSO. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3). Statistical significance: Asterisks above bars (*, **, ***, ****) indicate comparisons with the irradiation-only control group at the same dose. Asterisks above horizontal lines (*, **, ***, ****) indicate pairwise comparisons within the bracketed groups. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For cell irradiation, an X-Rad 320 biological irradiator (Precision X-Ray, Greenville, South Carolina, USA) was used at a dose rate of 300 cGy/min.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Expressing, Control, Irradiation

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The radiosensitizing effects of a STAT3/HDAC dual-target inhibitor derived from isoalantolactone in solid tumor models

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15816-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: mhl-28 combined with IR induces oxidative stress in tumor cells. A , B Kinetic profiles of ROS levels in A549 ( A ) and B16 ( B ) cells post-irradiation. Cells pretreated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h were exposed to 4 Gy X-rays. Intracellular ROS was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence at 0–120 min post-irradiation. C - F Representative flow cytometry images and quantified lipid peroxidation rates of A549 cells ( C & E ) and B16 cells ( D & F ) treated with 0.5 µM mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, followed by exposure to 10 Gy of X-rays, assessed 48 h later. Lipid peroxidation detection by flow cytometry 48 h post-irradiation. Representative histogram plots of A549 and B16 cells stained with C11-BODIPY⁵⁸¹/⁵⁹¹. G Protein expression levels of ACSL4, SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2 and TRX1 were assessed in A549 and B16 cells following treatment with 0.5 µM of mhl-28 or SAHA for 24 h, after which the cells were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. The vehicle control group was treated with 0.1% DMSO. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3). Statistical significance: Asterisks above bars (*, **, ***, ****) indicate comparisons with the irradiation-only control group at the same dose. Asterisks above horizontal lines (*, **, ***, ****) indicate pairwise comparisons within the bracketed groups. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For cell irradiation, an X-Rad 320 biological irradiator (Precision X-Ray, Greenville, South Carolina, USA) was used at a dose rate of 300 cGy/min.

Techniques: Irradiation, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Expressing, Control

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The radiosensitizing effects of a STAT3/HDAC dual-target inhibitor derived from isoalantolactone in solid tumor models

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15816-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: mhl-28 combined with IR inhibits tumor growth in vivo. A Scheme for RT combined with mhl-28 treatment. Mice were inoculated with B16 cells and randomly assigned on day 6 to receive intraperitoneal injections of equivalent doses of SAHA, mhl-28 and PBS on days 6, 7, and 8, with 8 Gy of irradiation on day 7. B Comparison of tumor weights on day 12 post-irradiation. C Images of tumors extracted from mice 12 days after IR. D Tumor growth curves in mice, showing delayed tumor growth in mhl-28 treated mice. E The body weight changes of different groups of mice. F H&E stain of analysis of tumor tissues of different groups of mice. G Typical immunohistochemical images of tumor tissues from different groups of mice (ki67 and γH2AX). (H) H&E staining of liver and heart of different groups of mice. The vehicle control group was injected with an equal volume of saline. ‘ns’ indicates no statistical significance, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: For cell irradiation, an X-Rad 320 biological irradiator (Precision X-Ray, Greenville, South Carolina, USA) was used at a dose rate of 300 cGy/min.

Techniques: In Vivo, Irradiation, Comparison, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Control, Injection, Saline